Brutality
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Salon de 1888, Société des Artistes Français, Paris, May 1–June 1888, no. 871 (as Brutalité).
III. Internationalen Kunstausstellung, Munich, June–October 1888, no. 1812 (as Brutalität).
Exposition Universelle Internationale de Paris 1889, Paris, May 5–November 5, 1889, no. 235 (as Brutalité).
Brandie’s Department Store, Omaha, Neb., May 1908, no cat.
Theaterette of Jones Dry Goods Company, Kansas City, Mo., February 12, 1908–1933, unnumbered.
John Douglas Patrick’s Fifty Years of Painting, Kansas City Art Institute, Mo., December 6–27, 1936, no cat.
Art Exhibit, Broadway-Valentine Shopping Center, Kansas City, Mo., May–June 1, 1961, no cat.
John Douglas Patrick, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Mo., May 4–August 4, 1996, unnumbered.
Overland Park, Kansas, native John Douglas Patrick created this dramatic painting in response to the mistreatment of horses in Paris, where he was a student from 1885 to 1888. Brutality was so effective that when it was shown in Paris’s 1889 Universal Exposition, the city’s horse drivers attempted to have it removed from view. Their protests went unheeded, and Brutality was awarded a third place medal. Six years later, the French Society for the Protection of Animals enacted a law to defend horses from abuse and overwork.
When Patrick returned to the United
States in 1888, Brutality remained in France. The painting was brought
to Kansas City in 1908 by Logan Jones. Jones installed Brutality in his
family’s downtown dry goods store where it remained on view until 1935.
to Cherie Wray Smith (granddaughter of the artist), Overland Park, Kans., 1990, and Pattie Rickenbacher Gordon (granddaughter of the artist), Overland Park, Kans., 1993;
to NAMA, 1994.
Theodore Child, “The Paris Salon: Pictures by American Artists,” Harper’s Weekly 32 (April 21, 1888), 287, 294, 296.
Theodore Child, “The Paris Salon,” Art Amateur 19 (June 1888), 2 (as Brutalité).
Nikko, “American Art Notes,” New York Herald (Paris ed.), August 20, 1888, 3.
Salon de 1888 Catalogue Illustré, exh. cat. (Paris: Librairie d’Art, 1888), 15 (as Brutalité by Douglas [J. D. P.]).
Illustrierter Katalog der III. Internationalen
Kunstausstellung (Munich: Verlagsanstalt für Kunst und Wissenschaft, vorm.
Friedrich Bruckmann, 1888), 116 (as Brutalität).
Harold Frederic, “American Art in Paris,” New York Times, June 16, 1889, 11.
Official Catalogue of the United States Exhibit, exh. cat. (Paris: C. Noblet et Fils, 1889), 16.
Exposition Universelle Internationale de 1889 Catalogue Général Officiel Tome Premier. Groupe 1. Oeuvres d’Art Classes 1 à 5, exh. cat. (Lille: Imprimerie L. Danel, 1889), 183 (as Brutalité).
Rush C. Hawkins, “Report on the Fine Arts,” Reports of the United States Commissioners to the Universal Exposition of 1889 at Paris (Washington, D.C.: United States Commissioners to the Universal Exposition of 1889 at Paris, 1891), 2:68 (as Brutalité).
Mrs. F. W. Dassler, “Art,” Kansas Souvenir—St. Louis Exposition (Topeka, Kans.: Geo. A. Clark, 1904), 95.
“John D. Patrick’s ‘Brutality’ Shown,” Kansas City Journal, February 9, 1908, 5.
“A Famous Picture Here: J. Logan Jones Buys ‘Brutality,’ by John D. Patrick,” Kansas City Star, February 9, 1908, 5A.
“We Feel That We Have Never Enjoyed a Greater Pleasure than Is Given Us in Presenting to You This Marvelous Painting ‘Brutality,’” Kansas City Post, February 11, 1908, 8.
“Exhibition of Patrick’s Work,” Kansas City Journal, March 1, 1908, 3.
“Patrick Cannot Hide from Fame,” Kansas City Post, March 1, 1908, 2.
“The Pictures Patrick Hid,” Kansas City Star, March 1, 1908, 5A.
“‘Brutalite’: Story of the Masterpiece of John D. Patrick, of Kansas City, Mo., Which Was Awarded the First-Class [sic] Medal by the French Government,” Art Review 16 (April 1908), 3–6 (as Brutalite).
“Famous Painting at Brandie’s,” Omaha (Neb.) Daily News, May 17, 1908, 6C.
“Brutality,” Omaha (Neb.) Daily Bee, May 26, 1908, 10.
The Home Coming of the Famous Painting “Brutality”: Medal Winner by John Douglas Patrick, Universal Exposition of Paris, 1889, a Story That Reads like a Romance of the Crusades, exh. pamphlet (Kansas City, Mo.: Jones Dry Goods Co., 1908), unpaginated.
Ernest R. Slater, “Would Honor an Artist,” letter to the editor, Kansas City Star, May 12, 1910, 16A.
“‘Old Pat,’ Who Knows, Lays Word Barrage on Critics of Bouguereau,” Kansas City Journal, March 12, 1924, 8.
“Scene in Paris Inspiration for Masterpiece of World Famous Rosedale Painter,” Kansas City Kansan, April 3, 1927, 12B.
“French Humane Laws the Result of K.C. Artist’s Picture,” Kansas City Journal-Post Magazine, July 28, 1929, 3 (artist as John Douglas Patric).
“In Gallery and Studio,” Kansas City Star, August 3, 1929, 4.
“In Gallery and Studio,” Kansas City Star, November 21, 1931, F1.
Ernest R. Slater, “Speaking the Public Mind,” Kansas City Star, May 12, 1935, 16A.
M. K. P., “Heart into a Painting,” Kansas City Star, December 3, 1936, 6.
“John D. Patrick’s Paintings to Hang in Honor Display: Art Institute Arranges Exhibit for Teacher Who Will Retire,” Kansas City Journal-Post, December 3, 1936, 8.
“Retiring Art Teacher to Be Honored with Exhibition of Work,” Kansas City Journal-Post, December 4, 1936, 2.
“Art,” Kansas City Star, December 6, 1936, 10A.
“A Veteran Retires,” Art Digest 11 (December 15, 1936), 28.
“John Douglas Patrick’s Fifty Years of Painting,” Bulletin of the Kansas City Art Institute, December 1936, unpaginated.
“John D. Patrick Dies,” Kansas City Times, January 20, 1937, 2.
J. Logan Jones, The Individualist (Kansas City, Mo.: Brown-White-Lowell Press, 1942), 198–201.
“History of Graphic Painting of Brutality to Be Given on Radio,” Kansas City Star, February 5, 1954, 4.
“A Suit over Paintings: John Douglas Patrick Relatives Seek $650,000,” Kansas City Star, March 28, 1956, 3.
“A Painting That Stirred Paris,” Kansas City Star, May 14, 1961, 2E.
“Art Exhibit Contains Prominent Persons,” Broadway-Valentine Shopper (Kansas City, Mo.), May 24, 1961, 1, 7.
Mazee Bush Owens and Frances S. Bush, A History of Community Achievement: 1885–1964 (Kansas City, Mo.: Kansas City Art Institute and School of Design, 1964), 41–42.
“Kansas Scenes on Canvas,” Kansas City Times, May 27, 1976, 5H.
“Local Painter Brought Fame to Country, Family Name,” Johnson County (Kans.) Sun, July 2, 1976, 18.
Donald Hoffmann, “A Grim Relic of Paris: ‘Brutality’ Was KC Artist’s Entry in 1889 Exhibit,” Kansas City Star, September 17, 1989, 1D, 6D.
Annette Blaugrund, Paris 1889: American Artists at the Universal Exposition, exh. cat. (Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, in association with Harry N. Abrams, 1989), 28, 75, 90n29, 195–97, 260, 288.
“Art Notes,” Kansas City Star, May 5, 1996, J3.
Margaret C. Conrads, “Painting by Local Artist Acquired,” Calendar (Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art), May 1996, 1–2.
“Paintings, Drawings by Patrick,” Calendar (Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art), May 1996, 3.
Alice Thorson, “The Heroic— Artist?” Kansas City Star, June 2, 1996, J1, J6.
“Corrections,” Kansas City Star, June 5, 1996, A2.
Charles Cowdrick, “‘Brutality’ at the Nelson,” Pitch Weekly (Kansas City, Mo.), June 27–July 3, 1996, 24.
Roberta Lord, “Good Horse, Bad Man,” News Times (Kansas City, Mo.), July 4–10, 1996, 11.
“Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Continuing Exhibitions,” Daily Standard (Excelsior Springs, Mo.), July 17, 1996, 3.
“Steppin’ Out,” Leavenworth (Kans.) Times, July 18, 1996, A12.
Amy Scott, John Douglas Patrick, exh. brochure (Kansas City, Mo.: Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 1996), 1–8.
Amy Beth Scott, “Academic Art and Animal Cruelty: The Legacy of John Douglas Patrick, 1863–1937,” M.A. thesis, University of Missouri, Kansas City, 1996, ii–iii, 3, 15–18, 21–34, 36, 38–41, 46, 48, 50–53, 55, 62, 89nn11, 13, 93nn9, 25–26.
Margaret C. Conrads, ed. The Collections of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art: American Paintings to 1945 (Kansas City, Mo.: The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 2007), 1: 424–427, 2: 183–185.
