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The Penitent Saint Jerome

Artist Antonio d'Enrico, called Tanzio da Varallo (Italian, 1575/1580 - ca.1635)
Dateca. 1627-1630
MediumOil on canvas
DimensionsUnframed: 31 7/8 x 25 3/4 inches (80.96 x 65.41 cm)
Framed: 45 1/2 x 40 x 2 3/4 inches (115.57 x 101.6 x 6.99 cm)
Credit LinePurchase: William Rockhill Nelson Trust through exchange of the bequest of Frances Logan, the gift of Herbert O. Peet, and other Trust properties.
Object number97-16
SignedNone
On View
On view
Gallery Location
  • 115
Collections
DescriptionThe single centrally placed figure is depicted half length, either standing behind or kneeling at a stone platform. The old man with a long whitish beard looks upward and to the right. His white undergarment and red cloak have fallen from his right shoulder and partially expose his upper torso and entire right arm. In his right hand he holds a stone while his left hand, emerging from his red robes, holds in place an open book - the topmost in a stack of three - that is likewise propped up on a human skull. The dark background is articulated by vertical rock formations. In the distant background is a red form that is the saint's cardinal's hat, turned on edge as is stored on a shelf.Exhibition History

Tanzio da Varallo: Realismo fervore e contemplazione in un pittore del Seicento, Palazzo Reale, Milan, April 13-July 2, 2000, no. 18.


 

Painters of Reality: The Legacy of Leonardo and Caravaggio in Lombardy, Museo Civico “Ala Ponzone,” Cremona, February 14-May 2, 2004; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, May 27-August 15, 2004, no. 88.



Gallery Label
Saint Jerome, a cardinal and one of the Fathers of the Christian Church, lived as a hermit in the wilderness to do penance and write a Latin version of the Bible. Here, his cardinal's hat is tucked away in the rocks behind, and his books lie before him. The artist reminds us, however, that these earthly pursuits are subject to death, symbolized by the human skull upon which Jerome's gaunt hand, with its dirty fingernails, rests. The saint holds a rock with which to beat his breast, and his austere self-discipline and spiritual devotion are emphasized by the painting's bright, hard light. In Milan, Tanzio was a follower of Caravaggio, whose influence can be seen in the realistic appearance of the saint and the stark contrast of light and shadow.
Provenance

Possibly d’Adda Collection, Varallo, by 1709 [1];

Probably Conte Luigi Caroelli (d. 1721), Milan, by 1720 [2];

Masseran Family, Château d’Apremont-sur-l’Allier, Saint-Amand-Montrond, France, by 1818 [3];

By descent to the Saint Sauveur Family, Château d’Apremont-sur-l’Allier, Saint-Amand-Montrond, France, 1818-1924;

By descent to the Duc de Brissac Family, Château d’Apremont-sur-l’Allier, Saint-Amand-Montrond, France, 1924-December 11, 1996 [4];

Purchased at their sale, Estampes et Dessins, Tableaux Anciens, Ceramiques, Objets Montes…, Mes. Etienne et Damien Libert & Alain Castor, Hôtel Drouot, Paris, December 11, 1996, lot 20, by Simon Dickinson, Ltd., London, 1996-1997;

Purchased from Dickinson by The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO, 1997.

NOTES:

[1] According to Simon Dickinson, Simon Dickinson Ltd., in a letter to Roger Ward, Curator, May 27, 1997, NAMA curatorial files, this painting may be included in a 1709 appraisal of the d’Adda collection, in which there is a reference to “una mezza figura di S. Gerolamo del mano di Tanzio il Famoso lo stesso.” This archival reference has not been confirmed.

[2] This painting is probably the one listed, along with its pendant, in the 1720 inventory of the Caroelli collection as “due mezze figura una di S. Gerolamo e una di S. Giovanni battista con cornice intagliata” and attributed to Antonio Varallo. This inventory is published in Alessandro Giulini, “Una Pregevole Raccolta di Quadri nel Settecento,” Archivio Storico Lombardo 60, no. 3 (1933): 405-412.

[3] According to Elvire de Brissac, owner of the Château d’Apremont-sur-l’Allier, in emails to MacKenzie Mallon, October 9, 2013, and September 1, 2014, it is unclear when the Masseran family acquired the painting. The Saint Sauveur family married into the Masseran family in 1801 and inherited the Château d’Apremont-sur-l’Allier in 1818. The Saint Sauveur and Brissac families were joined through marriage in 1924.

[4] According to Etienne Bréton, Saint Honoré Art Consulting, in an email to MacKenzie Mallon, Provenance Specialist, October 8, 2013, NAMA curatorial files, the painting descended through the Masseran and Brissac families.

Published References

Alessandro Giulini, “Una pregevole raccolta di quandri nel Settecento and Principi moscoviti a Milano nel Settecento,” Archivio Storico Lombardo 60, no. 12 (1933): 407.

 

Marco Bona Castellotti, “Un “San Giovanni” del Tanzio ritrovato,” Arte all’incanto (1985): 29-30.

 

Estampes et Dessins, Tableaux Anciens, Ceramiques, Objets Montés, Sculptures et Objets de Curiosité…(Paris: Hôtel Drouot, December 11, 1996), 9, (repro.).

 

“Ou il est question d’attribution,” L’Objets de Art 50, no. 310 (February 1997): 21, (repro.).

 

“A Selection of Museum Acquisitions,” Apollo 146, no. 430 (December 1997): 16, (repro.).

 

Henry Sorensen et al., Drouot 1997: L’Art et les Enchères en France (Paris: Compagnie des Commissaires-Priseurs, 1997), 24, (repro.).

 

Filippo Maria Ferro, “Tanzio da Varallo. Catalogo critico dei dipinti e dei disegni,” De Valle Siccida 1 (1999), 102.

 

Francesco Frangi, “Itinerario di Tanzio da Varallo,” in Percorsi caravaggeschi tra Roma e Piemonte, ed. Giovanni Romano (Turin: Fondazione CRT, 1999), 144.

 

Marco Bona Castellotti, Tanzio da Varallo: Realismo fervore e contemplazione in un pittore del Seicento, exh. cat. (Milan: Federico Motta, 2000), pp. 105, 107, no. 18, (repro.).


Andrea Bayer, ed., Painters of Reality: The Legacy of Leonardo and Caravaggio in Lombardy, exh. cat. (New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004), 194-195, (repro.).

 

Paola Pariset, “’Un Rinascimento parallelo’: Roma, Mina Gregori ieri mattina ha spiegato la ‘sua mostra,” Cultura & Spettacoli (February 12, 2004): unpaginated.

Information about a particular artwork or image, including provenance information, is based upon historic information and may not be currently accurate or complete. Research on artwork and images is an ongoing process, and the information about a particular artwork or image may not reflect the most current information available to the Museum. If you notice a mistake or have additional information about a particular artwork or image, please e-mail provenance@nelson-atkins.org.


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