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On the Road

Artist Thomas Proudley Otter (American, 1832 - 1890)
Date1860
MediumOil on canvas
DimensionsUnframed: 22 1/8 x 45 3/8 inches (56.2 x 115.25 cm)
Framed: 33 1/8 x 56 1/4 x 4 1/2 inches (84.14 x 142.88 x 11.43 cm)
Credit LinePurchase: William Rockhill Nelson Trust
Object number50-1
SignedSigned and dated lower center: T.O. / P. / 18 60
On View
On view
Gallery Location
  • 215
Collections
DescriptionCovered wagon (prairie schooner) going down dusty road toward underpass over which a train is passing. Milestone by side of road in center foreground; trees on rising ground to left; rolling hills and snow-capped mountains in background.Exhibition History
Thirty-seventh Annual Exhibition of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pa., April 23–June 16, 1860, no. 249.

The Thirty-sixth Exhibition of Paintings and Statuary, Boston Athenaeum, Boston, Ma., July–December 8, 1860, no. 315 (artist as S. P. Otter).

Life on the Prairie: The Artist’s Record, Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Neb., May 12–July 4, 1954, unnumbered.

Westward the Way: The Character and Development of the Louisiana Territory as Seen by Artists and Writers of the Nineteenth Century, City Art Museum of St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo., and Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Mn., October 22, 1954–February 28, 1955 (traveled), no. 219.

Building the West, Denver Art Museum, Denver, Co., October 9–November 27, 1955, no. 67.

Midwest Heritage Conference, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, March 27–20 April 20, 1956, no cat.

The Iron Horse in Art: The Railroad as It Has Been Interpreted by Artists of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Fort Worth Art Center, Ft. Worth, Tx., January 6–March 2, 1958, no. 35.

A Hundred Years Ago, American Federation of Arts, New York, September 19, 1958–November 1959, no cat.

The Western Frontier, Denver Art Museum, Denver, Co., July 28–October 9, 1966, unnumbered.

The American Panorama, Denver Art Museum, Denver, Co., March 17–May 27, 1968, unnumbered (not in exh. cat.).

The American Frontier: Images and Myths, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, June 26–September 16, 1973, no. 49.

Nineteenth Century American Painting, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Mo., February 17–March 31, 1974, no cat.

America as Art, National Collection of Fine Arts, Washington, D.C., April 30–November 7, 1976, no. 190.

Kaleidoscope of American Painting: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Mo., December 2, 1977–January 22, 1978, no. 71.

By the Side of the Road, Currier Gallery of Art, Manchester, N.H., June 24–October 22, 1978, no. 10.

The West as America: Reinterpreting Images of the Frontier, 1820–1920, National Museum of American Art, Washington, D.C., March 15–July 28, 1991, no. 30.

The American West: L’Arte della Frontiera Americana, 1830–1920, Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rome, Italy, December 11, 1993–February 28, 1994, unnumbered.

The American West: Out of Myth, into Reality, Trust for Museum Exhibitions, Washington, D.C., February 19–December 31, 2000 (traveled), unnumbered.

Gallery Label
On the Road is the best known work by Thomas Proudley Otter, who had a studio in Philadelphia in the late 1850s and 1860s before devoting the rest of his career to teaching. Juxtaposing new and old methods of travel-the smooth path of the sleek, fast railway train and the bumpy, circuitous route of the Conestoga wagon-Otter here praised new railroad technology and endorsed the western direction of American progress. Details such as the linear path of the train's steam and the cloudy puffs of dusts from the wagon further underscore the subject's meaning. Even so, research has uncovered that the landscape is rooted in eastern Pennsylvania scenery, and neither this type of train nor the wagon was ever used for lengthy trans-Mississippi travels. 
Provenance

(Carl Lindborg, Newton Square, Pa., by 1949);

 

to NAMA, 1950.

Published References

“The Academy of Fine Arts,” Philadelphia Inquirer, May 3, 1860, 4.


Catalogue of the Thirty-seventh Annual Exhibition of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, exh. cat. (Philadelphia: Collins, Printer, 1860), 21.


Catalogue of the Thirty-sixth Exhibition of Paintings and Statuary at the Athenaeum Gallery, exh. cat., 3rd ed. (Boston: Prentiss & DeLand, 1860), 20 (artist as S.P. Otter).


“What Do U.S. Museums Buy?” LIFE, July 31, 1950, 42.


“Early Painting in Missouri,” Gallery News (William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts) 16 (June–September 1950), unpaginated.


Life on the Prairie: The Artist’s Record, exh. cat. (Omaha, Neb.: Joslyn Art Museum, 1954), 6.


A. Sheldon Pennoyer, Locomotives in Our Lives: Experiences of Three Brothers with Regular, Narrow- and Small-Gauge Railroads (New York: Hastings House, Publishers, 1954), 52.


Perry T. Rathbone, ed., Westward the Way: The Character and Development of the Louisiana Territory as Seen by Artists and Writers of the Nineteenth Century, exh. cat. (St. Louis: City Art Museum of St. Louis, in collaboration with Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 1954), 253, 272, 277.


Royal Hassrick and Cile M. Bach, Building the West, exh. cat. (Denver: Denver Art Museum, 1955), 22, 30.


The Iron Horse in Art: The Railroad as It Has Been Interpreted by Artists of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, exh. cat. (Fort Worth: Fort Worth Art Center, 1958), unpaginated, fig. 13.


John Gudmundsen, The Great Provider: The Dramatic Story of Life Insurance in America (South Norwalk, Conn.: Industrial Publications Co., 1959), 38–39.

Alvin M. Josephy and Richard M. Ketchum, eds., The American Heritage Book of the Pioneer Spirit (New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., 1959), 350–51.


Handbook of the Collections in the William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, 4th ed. (Kansas City, Mo.: William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, 1959), 257.


Mabel B. Casner and Ralph H. Gabriel, Story of the American Nation (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962), 320–21.


Edmund Fuller and B. Jo Kinnick, Adventures in American Literature, Laureate ed. (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1963), 704–5.


United States History: Grade 7 (River Forest, Ill.: Laidlaw Brothers, 1965), 285.


The Western Frontier, exh. cat. (Denver: Denver Art Museum, 1966), unpaginated.


William Young, A Dictionary of American Artists, Sculptors and Engravers: From the Beginnings through the Turn of the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: W. Young, 1968), 346.


Robert Phillips Ludlum et. al., American Government: National—State—Local, rev. ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1969), 357.


John Clark Hunt, “Over the Alleghenies, into History,” American History Illustrated 5 (August 1970), 24–25.


Irene J. Brennan, “Joining of the Rails,” Nevadan, supplement to Las Vegas Review-Journal, February 11, 1973, 31.


Patricia Hills, The American Frontier: Images and Myths, exh. cat. (New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1973), 10, 41, 61.


Ross E. Taggart and George L. McKenna, eds., Handbook of the Collections in The William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Missouri, vol. 1, Art of the Occident, 5th ed. (Kansas City, MO: William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, 1973), 175, 254.


B. J. Zenor, “By Covered Wagon to the Promised Land,” American West 11 (July 1974), 40–41.


Dee Alexander Brown, The Westerners (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974), 152, 154–55.


Justin Kaplan, Mark Twain and His World (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974), 44, 46–47.


Leonard C. Wood, Ralph H. Gabriel, and Edward L. Biller, America: Its People and Values, 2nd ed. (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), 1:304.


“Bicentennial Picture Portfolio,” Pipeliner (El Paso, Tex.) 39 (April 1976), cover.


“Nelson Gallery: ‘Comprehensive and Encyclopedic,’” Antique Monthly (Birmingham, Ala.), October 1976, 1A (artist as Thomas J. Otter).


Helen Hartman Gemmill, “Ferreting out Thomas P. Otter,” Bucks County Historical Society Journal 1 (Fall 1976), 22,
24–25, 40n12.


The Story of America: Over 150 Momentous Events Depicted in Great American Art (Waukesha, Wisc.: Country Beautiful, 1976), 84–85.


Joshua C. Taylor, America as Art, exh. cat. (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1976), 149.


Peter H. Hassrick, The Way West: Art of Frontier America (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1977), 102–3.


Kaleidoscope of American Painting: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. exh. cat. (Kansas City, Mo.: William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, 1977), 59.


Helen Hartman Gemmill, “Thomas P. Otter,” Antiques 114 (November 1978), 1028–29, 1034n1.


James V. Galgano, By the Side of the Road, exh. cat. (Manchester, N.H.: Fitzpatrick Printers, 1978), unpaginated.


Linda Ann Hughes, ed., Echoes and Images (Quincy, Ill.: Looking Glass Publications, 1981), 1:33.


Ross E. Taggart, “American Paintings in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri,” Antiques 122 (November 1982), 1032, 1035.


William H. Truettner, “The Art of History: American Exploration and Discovery Scenes, 1840–1860,” American Art Journal 14 (Winter 1982), 8.


Dawn Glanz, How the West Was Drawn: American Art and the Settling of the Frontier (Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1982), 83, fig. 36.


Peter H. Hassrick, The Way West: Art of Frontier America (reprint; New York: Abradale Press/Harry N. Abrams, 1983), 102–3.


Robert A. Divine, America Past and Present, 2nd ed. (Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman and Co., 1987), 1:350.


M. Thomas Inge, ed., A Nineteenth-Century American Reader (Washington, D.C.: United States Information Agency, 1987), v, cover.


Sam B. Girgus, Anthony Piccolo, and Michele Conte, eds., The New Eden: Consensus and Regeneration in America (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 1988), vi.

 

M. Thomas Inge, ed., A Nineteenth-Century American Reader (reprint; Washington, D.C.: United States Information Agency, 1989), v, cover.


Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., The Age of Jackson (New York: Book-of-the-Month Club, 1989), unpaginated.


James West Davidson and John E. Batchelor, The American Nation, annotated teacher’s ed., 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1989), 754.


James West Davidson and John E. Batchelor, The American Nation, annotated teacher’s ed., rev. 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1990), 754.


Roger LaRaus, Harry P. Morris, and Robert Sobel, Challenge of Freedom, 3rd ed. (Mission Hills, Calif.: Glencoe Publishing, 1990), 366.


“Images of the Frontier,” Antiques & Auction News, March 1, 1991, 1.


Ken Ringle, “Political Correctness: Art’s New Frontier: At NMAA, a Revisionist Prism at Work,” Washington Post, March 31, 1991, G1.


Alice Thorson, “How the West Was Won,” City Paper (Baltimore), April 5, 1991, clipping, NAMA curatorial files.


Michael Kilian, “Wild, Wild West: The Smithsonian Circles the Wagons over Its Latest Exhibit,” Chicago Tribune, May 26, 1991, sec. 13, 16.


Carol Wood, “How the West Was Really Won,” City Paper (Baltimore), May 31, 1991, clipping, NAMA curatorial files.


Shirley Suckow, “Le Far West Revu et Corrigé,” Tribune des Arts (Geneva, Switz.), June 5, 1991, 38 (as Sur la Route).


Michael Kilian, “Exhibit Shoots Halos off Western Heroes,” Kansas City Star, June 16, 1991, H1, H8.


John J. Pikulski et al., Dinosauring (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1991), 263.


J. Gray Sweeney, Masterpieces of Western American Art (New York: Mallard Press, 1991), 48–49, 70–71, 239.


William H. Truettner, ed., The West as America: Reinterpreting Images of the Frontier, 1820–1920, exh. cat. (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991), 127–29, 363.


Henry Adams, Handbook of American Paintings in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (Kansas City, Mo.: Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 1991), 102–3.


“The West: Visions or Illusions?” MD 36 (April 1992), 69.


Robert A. Divine et al., America: The People and the Dream (Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, 1992), 16.


Roger Kennedy’s Rediscovering America: The Wilderness and the West, videocassette (Princeton, N.J.: Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 1993).


Roger Ward and Patricia J. Fidler, eds. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art: A Handbook of the Collections. 6th ed. (New York: Hudson Hills Press, in association with Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 1993), 235.


Michael Churchman and Scott Erbes, High Ideals and Aspirations: The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art 1933–1993 (Kansas City, Mo.: Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 1993), 66.


The American West: L’Arte della Frontiera Americana, 1830–1920, exh. cat. (Venice, Italy: Marsilio, 1993), 178–79, cover.


Nelson D. Lankford, “Americans in Motion: Virginia, the South, Mobility, and the American Dream,” Humanities 15 (March–April 1994), 26–27.


Nancy J. Skarmeas, The Heritage of America (Nashville: Ideals Publications, 1994), 52–53.


Cecilia Techi, High Lonesome: The American Culture of Country Music (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 64.


T. H. Watkins and Joan Watkins, eds., The West: A Treasury of Art and Literature (New York: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1994), 94.


American Visions, videocassette (Alexandria, Va.: PBS Home Video, 1996).

George S. Bush, ed., The Genius Belt: The Story of the Arts in Bucks County, Pennsylvania (Doylestown, Pa.: James A. Michener Art Museum, in association with Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996), 119.


J. Gray Sweeney, Masterpieces of Western American Art (Avenel, N.J.: Crescent Books, 1996), 48–49, 70–71.


Alice Thorson, “Life Imitates Art,” Kansas City Star, October 11, 1997, E6.


John A. Garraty, The American Nation: A History of the United States, 9th ed. (New York: Longman, 1998), 334.


Patricia Failing, “Getting the Big Picture,” Art News 99 (May 2000), 192.


“Western Art as Myth: Toledo Museum Creates Major Event,” Farm & Dairy (Salem, Ohio), October 12, 2000, clipping, NAMA curatorial files.


Lisa Bettinger, “Museum Showcases Highlights of Western Pioneer Masterpieces,” BG News (Bowling Green, Ohio), October, 13, 2000, 7.


Roger Cushing Aikin, “Paintings of Manifest Destiny: Mapping the Nation,” American Art 14 (Fall 2000), 85–86.


Peter H. Hassrick, “Toldeo Ohio: The American West; Out of Myth, into Reality,” American Art Review 12 (November–December 2000), 199.


Peter H. Hassrick, The American West: Out of Myth, into Reality, exh. cat. (Washington, D.C.: Trust for Museum Exhibitions, 2000), 2–3, 24, 27, 34–35.


Tim Cresswell, The Tramp in America (London: Reaktion Books, 2001), 25.


Margaret C. Conrads, ed. The Collections of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art: American Paintings to 1945 (Kansas City, Mo.: The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 2007), 1: 420–423, 2: 181–183.


Deborah Emont Scott, ed., The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art: A Handbook of the Collection, 7th ed. (Kansas City, MO: Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 2008), 163.


Information about a particular artwork or image, including provenance information, is based upon historic information and may not be currently accurate or complete. Research on artwork and images is an ongoing process, and the information about a particular artwork or image may not reflect the most current information available to the Museum. If you notice a mistake or have additional information about a particular artwork or image, please e-mail provenance@nelson-atkins.org.


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